A Legacy of Butterfly Conservation in Nepal

The first anniversary of Colin Smith’s passing invites us to reflect on the profound legacy of a man whose passion for butterflies transformed our understanding and appreciation of these delicate creatures in Nepal. Fondly known as “Putali Baaje” (Grandfather of Butterflies), Colin dedicated much of his life to studying, documenting, and conserving the butterflies of Nepal, inspiring generations of enthusiasts, researchers, and conservationists.

Born in the UK, Colin first visited Nepal in the 1960s. Like many captivated by the country’s mountains and wildlife, he became enchanted by its biodiversity. However, the rich variety of butterflies ultimately captured his heart. Nepal is home to habitats ranging from the subtropical lowlands of the Terai to the alpine meadows near the Himalayas, with over 692 species of butterflies, many of which are found nowhere else on Earth. This incredible diversity became the focus of Colin’s lifelong study.

Colin’s journey in the world of butterflies encompassed documentation, education, and conservation. Over the decades, he published guides and identification materials, collaborated with local conservation organizations, and led countless butterfly-watching trips. His enthusiasm was infectious, drawing more people into butterfly conservation and leaving a lasting impact.

Perhaps Colin’s most significant contribution was his ability to bridge knowledge gaps and create accessible resources for butterfly identification and appreciation. He published *Butterflies of Nepal*, a pioneering guide that quickly became an essential resource for anyone interested in Nepalese butterflies. This guide did more than showcase beautiful species; it provided critical insights into their habitats, behaviors, and conservation needs.

Today, on the anniversary of Colin Smith’s passing, we honor not only the legacy he left behind but also the enduring values he instilled in us all. "Putali Baaje" embodied the belief that one person’s passion can ignite a movement, and his work continues to inspire conservation efforts throughout Nepal.

For butterfly enthusiasts and conservationists, Colin’s life serves as a powerful reminder that knowledge, once shared, multiplies.

One meaningful way to honor Colin's memory is by engaging in butterfly conservation efforts ourselves. Whether through joining local butterfly counts like Big Butterfly Count Nepal 2024, educating others about the importance of butterflies in ecosystems, or supporting conservation organizations, each of us has the power to contribute. Today, platforms like iNaturalist make it easier than ever to document butterfly sightings, assisting scientists in understanding butterfly populations, migration patterns, and the impacts of climate change.

We invite everyone who loved and respected Colin's work to carry forward his vision. Let us all take a moment today to appreciate the beauty and fragility of butterflies, and may we each contribute to ensuring that these incredible creatures continue to thrive in Nepal's diverse ecosystems.

Colin Smith, our beloved "Putali Baaje," may no longer walk the butterfly-filled trails of Nepal, but his legacy endures. Through his teachings, writing, and the countless lives he touched, he has left an indelible mark on Nepal's natural heritage. His work reminds us that conservation is not the responsibility of a few, but a shared duty we all bear.

In memory of Colin Smith, let us continue to celebrate and protect Nepal's butterflies. Together, we can ensure his vision of a world where butterflies are cherished and conserved. Thank you, Putali Baaje, for revealing the beauty of these fragile wonders and inspiring us to protect them.

My Journey with the Big Butterfly Count Nepal 2024: Reflections and Future Hopes.

As I sit down to reflect on the Big Butterfly Count Nepal 2024, I feel gratitude, excitement, and a sense of achievement. This event has been a labor of love that I, along with the support of Butterfly Watchers Nepal and the Nature Conservation and Study Centre, have poured our hearts into. It's incredible to see how far we've come in making butterfly conservation not just a scientific endeavor but a movement that engages and inspires people across Nepal. 

A Celebration of Wings and Wonder

Paris Peacock

I've always been captivated by butterflies. These small, delicate animals remind us of the beauty and frailty of life as they flutter through woodlands and meadows. There is something special about them. Our goal for the Big Butterfly Count Nepal 2024 was to encourage people to take action for conservation, foster a greater appreciation for butterflies, and foster connections between people and nature.

I was astonished by the turnout. In seven distinct districts, we conducted nature excursions with 120 participants and observed 95 species of butterflies belonging to six families. Seeing people together for this common love of nature—from young children to seasoned butterfly enthusiasts—was amazing.

Observing the excitement on the faces of first-time participants was one of the most satisfying parts of the experience. Witnessing someone discover the wonder of butterflies for the first time fills me with a unique thrill and serves as a constant reminder of why I work in this field.

Learning and challenges Along the way

Butterfly expert Mahendra Singh Limbu with participants

It was also a fantastic learning opportunity. Organizing an event across several districts is not an easy task. One reason is that it was challenging to gather data in remote areas; as a result, we concluded that future initiatives should concentrate more on interacting with the local communities there. Ensuring data accuracy posed another problem; we intend to improve our training sessions for the following year because it can be difficult, particularly for novices, to correctly identify butterfly species.

I learned from this experience that conservation affects people just as much as it does animals. Our ability to educate and involve more individuals will increase our effect. I'm an enthusiastic supporter of citizen science, and I think this is a great way to close the communication gap between the general public and environmentalists.

Looking Ahead: What's Next?

Upon considering the accomplishment of this event, I find myself filled with enthusiasm for the times ahead. This is the start of something more than a one-time project. We want to grow the Big Butterfly Count Nepal next year by including more districts, local communities, and schools, particularly in the more isolated areas.

Establishing year-round butterfly monitoring programs that will enable us to monitor population dynamics over time is one of our future objectives. This kind of long-term data collection is essential since many species are threatened by habitat loss and climate change. To raise awareness and engage more people, we also aim to produce additional instructional content, such as podcasts, workshops, and videos.

"Conservation isn't just about saving species - it is about creating a world where  people and nature can thrive together."

Lush green vegetation of Godavari: A perfect butterflies heaven

A Thank you from the Heart

Common Siren

I must express my gratitude to everyone who helped make this reflection possible before I close. I sincerely appreciate everything, from our partners to the amazing volunteers and participants. I am motivated to continue pushing forward in our efforts to conserve butterflies and save Nepal's biodiversity by your passion and dedication.

The Big Butterfly Count Nepal 2024 served as a reminder of what is possible when people join together for a cause greater than oneself, therefore to me it was much more than just an event. It was an occasion that honored the natural world, community, and optimism for the future. I'm excited to travel this path with every one of you by my side.

Here's to more butterflies, more nature hikes, and more memories to come!

Embracing the Flutter flies : Big Butterfly Count Nepal 2024

Panoramic view of lush green forest of Godavari

The beautiful scenery of Godavari, Lalitpur, came to life on Saturday, August 3, 2024, with fluttering wings and brilliant hues as butterfly enthusiasts gathered to commemorate the Big Butterfly Count Nepal 2024. Nature enthusiasts, scientists, and interested citizens gathered for this captivating event, which was co-hosted by Butterfly Watchers Nepal, the Nature Conservation and Study Center, and the Biodiversity Research and Conservation Society.

"Butterflies are nature’s angels. They remind us what a gift it is to be alive."

Mahendra dai sharing his stories

The program's main objective was to encourage people to count butterflies in their backyards, gardens, and woodlands to include them in scientific studies. In addition to providing insightful data for butterfly research, participants in this citizen science project strengthened their bonds with the natural world and environmental conservation initiatives.

Guided by butterfly experts Mr. Mahendra Singh Limbu and Mr. Bimal Raj Shrestha, the participants recorded an impressive 32 species of butterflies throughout the day. Their knowledge and excitement emphasized the value of each butterfly visitor, highlighting how each butterfly is essential to the environment. Prominent photojournalist Mr. Susheel Shrestha was also in attendance, capturing the subtle elegance and vivid variety of these flying marvels.

Participants trying to photograph butterfly at canopy 

Beyond just counting butterflies, the Big Butterfly Count Nepal 2024 is a celebration of life, change, and community involvement. Through the engagement of citizens in research, the event fosters environmental responsibility and increases public awareness of the significance of conservation. The little but significant acts that every individual may take to protect and preserve our natural environment are symbolized by the flutter of butterfly wings.

Reminding participants of the fragile balance that supports life on Earth, Godavari's beautiful surroundings served as a fitting backdrop. They became knowledgeable about the complex interactions that these pollinators have with the plants they visit as they watched butterflies fly from flower to flower. These exchanges demonstrate how interdependent all living things are and how vital it is to preserve biodiversity.

Punchinello

The effectiveness of community-driven conservation initiatives was demonstrated by the Big Butterfly Count Nepal 2024. The event enabled people to actively participate in environmental research and conservation by fostering citizen science and encouraging hands-on participation. Countless photographs, notes of observations, and counts of butterflies have contributed to an expanding library of knowledge that will help protect these vulnerable species for coming generations.

Participants left with more than just memories as the day drew to an end; they also took away a revitalized sense of purpose and an increased respect for the natural world. In addition to being a sight to witness, the butterfly flutter in Godavari served as an encouragement for everyone to participate in the ongoing efforts to save the environment.

The Big Butterfly Count Nepal 2024 honored these changes and the beauty that results from them, encouraging everyone to welcome the flutter and join in life's dance.

Participants in frame

Comic strips: Butterfly Conservation

These comic strips are published to mark National Learn About Butterflies Day on March 14, 2024.

©butterflywatchersnepal/sanejprasadsuwal/2024

World Wildlife Day 2024: Connecting People and Planet: Exploring Digital Innovation in Wildlife Conservation

World Wildlife Day 2024 is a significant event that celebrates the diverse and beautiful wildlife on our planet. The theme for this year is "Connecting People and Planet: Exploring Digital Innovation in Wildlife Conservation," which emphasizes how important technology is to preserving the environment. The convergence of digital innovation and wildlife conservation offers promising prospects for safeguarding threatened species, maintaining natural habitats, and increasing public consciousness regarding environmental concerns. 

©Cheng Hui Xin/ Winner of the annual WWD Poster Contest.

Embracing Digital Solutions for Wildlife Conservation.
Conservation efforts for wildlife are being revolutionized by digital technologies like data analytics, satellite tracking, and artificial intelligence. These instruments make it easier for researchers to keep an eye on animal numbers, follow migratory patterns, and identify illicit activities like poaching. Conservationists may generate positive change by implementing focused interventions, making educated decisions, and engaging with a global audience by leveraging the potential of digital innovation

The following are a few examples of digital innovation in wildlife conservation:

1. Camera traps: These tools enable researchers to track the activities of different species and monitor wildlife populations by capturing pictures and videos of the creatures they catch.
2. Remote sensing and GIS: These technologies gather information on ecosystems and wildlife habitats using satellites, offering important insights for conservation efforts.
3. Environmental DNA (eDNA) and genomics: These methods identify species in a local area by analyzing DNA samples from soil or water, thereby contributing to the preservation and protection of ecosystems.
4. Drones: These unmanned aerial vehicles are useful for following animal movements, conducting aerial surveys, and keeping an eye on wildlife populations.
5. Tagging and collaring: Researchers can track an animal's movements and behaviors by attaching satellite tracking devices to it.
6. Acoustic monitoring: By capturing and analyzing animal sounds, this technique can be used to learn more about the distribution and behavioral patterns of various species.
7. Artificial intelligence (AI): To enhance wildlife identification and monitoring, AI is used to evaluate vast volumes of conservation data, including photos and audio recordings from satellites, drones, and camera traps.
8. Networked sensors: By connecting online, these sensors create a complete picture of an animal's movements and behaviors, which makes it possible to monitor and safeguard wildlife populations.
9. Digital financial services and systems: Preventing fraud in the illegal trade of plants and animals is made easier by electronic CITES permitting systems.
10. Gaming and digital experiences: Digital experiences and gaming have the potential to engage individuals with important conservation issues, particularly younger and more proficient technology audiences.

By offering more practical and economical means of preserving habitats, safeguarding endangered species, and increasing public awareness of environmental issues, these technologies have transformed the field of wildlife conservation.

Climate Change's Effects on Wildlife

Global wildlife is being threatened by climate change. Numerous species are in danger of going extinct due to ecological disruption caused by rising temperatures, habitat loss, and extreme weather events. Scientists can collect up-to-date information on climatic patterns, evaluate the implications on wildlife populations, and create plans to lessen these effects thanks to technological progress. Conservationists can safeguard vulnerable species and respond swiftly to changing environmental conditions by utilizing technology.

Engaging Communities in Conservation Efforts

One of the key aspects of this year's World Wildlife Day theme is the emphasis on connecting people with nature. Digital platforms and social media play a vital role in engaging communities in wildlife conservation efforts. Through online campaigns, virtual reality experiences, and interactive websites, individuals worldwide can learn about conservation issues, participate in citizen science projects, and contribute to the protection of biodiversity.

World Wildlife Day 2024 serves as a reminder of the urgent need to prioritize conservation efforts and embrace digital innovation to safeguard our planet's precious biodiversity. By fostering collaboration between technology experts, conservationists, policymakers, and local communities, we can work together to ensure a sustainable future for both people and wildlife. Let us unite in our commitment to protect and preserve the natural world for generations to come.

Pangolins: The Guardians of the Forest

All over the world, Pangolins have reached the point of extinction. At the present time, an unreal crisis has appeared in the life of Pangolins. Pangolin is one of the most trafficked mammals in the world. Due to this, they are facing imminent danger. These gentle creatures are disappearing due to illegal poaching and trade. But it is our responsibility and duty to properly protect and manage these creatures. Commonly known as an anteater, the Pangolin is the only mammal species, whose body is covered with scales. A total of nine species of Pangolins are found in Asia and Africa.

©Naresh Kusi

Pangolins are solitary, preferring to wander alone, and are nocturnal in nature. They especially prefer to live in forest areas and grasslands. This uniquely featured Pangolin's diet includes ants and termites.

Pangolins have long tongues and strong claws, which help in finding and eating the ants and termites hiding in the pits, holes, and cracks of the ground.

Among the nine pangolin species surviving in the world, Nepal shelters two: the Chinese Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) and the Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata). Indian pangolins have narrow mouths and pointed heads. They have 15 to 18 rows of dark brown hairs on their body and weigh up to 9 kg. Chinese pangolins possess corn-shaped heads and long muzzles, weighing around 10–16 kg, with 13–15 rows of overlapping gray scales. 

A recent national survey uncovered the presence of pangolins in 43 districts of Nepal. Approximately 5000 Chinese pangolins are estimated to reside in Nepal.

Importance

©Naresh Kusi

Pangolins are a vital part of our ecosystem. Pangolins are considered as the guardians of the forest. Because they protect forests from the destruction caused by invasive species, they also help to maintain a balanced ecosystem. Especially, Pangolins have an extremely important ecological role in regulating insect populations. One single Pangolin can consume around 70 million ants and termites per year. Pangolins help us control pest populations and save millions of dollars. If Pangolins become extinct, there will be a devastating effect on the environment. In fact, they act as pest controllers in nature and help to maintain the natural balance at all times.

Threats

However, their future is threatened by the slaughter of Pangolins, and illegal poaching and trade for meat, deforestation, and loss of habitat. Pangolin is mainly consumed as a delicacy in countries like Vietnam and China. It has been found that Pangolin’s carcasses are used in the production and trade of traditional medicines used to cure various diseases. However, this has not been scientifically proven. Pangolin skin is also processed into leather products such as shoes, belts, and bags. Due to illegal poaching and trade, the Pangolins have been deprived of their right to live. They are victims of cruelty and greed.

Conservation

We can manage and promote their protection and proper living. All conservationists, researchers, and the public should work together tirelessly to protect, conserve, and protect and enhance the habitat of these delicate creatures. Keeping this in mind, the Government of Nepal has classified both the Pangolin species as endangered under the National Red List under Schedule 1 of the National Parks and Wildlife Protection Act, 1973. Along with this, the protection of Pangolins and proper habitat arrangements have been included in the conservation areas at the national level.

©Pixabay

Keeping this in mind, the Government of Nepal has classified both the Pangolin species as endangered under the National Red List under Schedule 1 of the National Parks and Wildlife Protection Act, 1973. Leading this matter, the Government of Nepal aims to improve law enforcement against wildlife crime, expand protected areas, and coordinate with local communities through educational initiatives and the establishment of community poaching control units to encourage more involvement in conservation. Other research and conservation-oriented organizations are also taking various initiatives for Pangolin conservation and are making tireless efforts to raise awareness about the illegal wildlife trade and the importance of Pangolin conservation. At the same time, sustainable conservation policies are being implemented in cooperation with local communities to develop sustainable livelihoods and alternative sources of food at the community level. As a result of the formulation and implementation of sustainable conservation and promotion policies, there has been a significant reduction in the hunting or destruction of natural habitats done by the locals for livelihood

Conclusion

It is the responsibility of all of us to properly manage the habitat of Pangolins, which are about to disappear from the world, to protect them from illegal poaching and trade, to regulate them, to maintain the natural ecosystem, to ensure their natural livelihood through rehabilitation and sustainable protection. 

If not Now then when?

Let's all come together to protect the Pangolins and find a proper place for them.

Every positive action definitely has a great outcome.

©Naresh Kusi